Dental fillings are materials used by dentists to repair teeth that have been damaged by decay or cavities. The process involves removing the decayed portion of the tooth and filling the space with a suitable material to restore its function and structure. Fillings can also be used to repair cracked or broken teeth, and to improve their appearance.

There are several types of dental fillings available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:

1. Amalgam Fillings: These are made from a mixture of metals, including silver, mercury, tin, and copper. Amalgam fillings are durable and relatively inexpensive, but they are silver in color, which can make them noticeable in the mouth.
2. Composite Fillings: Also known as tooth-colored or white fillings, composite fillings are made from a mixture of plastic and glass materials. They can be closely matched to the color of the tooth, making them less noticeable than amalgam fillings. Composite fillings bond directly to the tooth, which can help to strengthen it, but they may not be as durable as amalgam fillings and can wear down over time.
3. Ceramic Fillings: Ceramic fillings, also called porcelain fillings, are made from a type of dental ceramic material. Like composite fillings, ceramic fillings can be closely matched to the color of the tooth, providing a more natural appearance. They are also highly durable and resistant to staining, but they tend to be more expensive than other types of fillings.
4. Glass Ionomer Fillings: These fillings are made from a mixture of glass and acrylic materials. They release fluoride, which can help to prevent further decay, and they bond well to the tooth. However, glass ionomer fillings are not as durable as other types of fillings and may need to be replaced more frequently.
5. Gold Fillings: Gold fillings are made from a mixture of gold and other metals. They are highly durable and can last for many years, but they are also the most expensive type of filling. Gold fillings are usually custom-made in a dental laboratory and then cemented into place by the dentist.

The choice of filling material depends on factors such as the location and size of the cavity, the patient’s aesthetic preferences, and their budget. Your dentist can help you decide which type of filling is best suited to your needs